Computer science training now required for promised admission to Iowa's public universities - The Gazette

Iowa’s ability to economically thrive in the future hangs on its residents’ digital skills, some say, and state leaders recognizing that have crafted laws and standards urging computer science education — with the Board of Regents now getting behind the push.

The board recently voted to add a computer science category to a list of high school subjects in-state students can take to qualify for assured admission to one of Iowa’s public universities — the University of Iowa, Iowa State University or the University of Northern Iowa.

Other subjects already on the list — according to the Regent Admission Index — are English, math, science, social studies and world language. The vote adds computer science to the list.

In a statement, Gov. Kim Reynolds — who has pushed for more technical training across the state through the Future Ready Iowa program — pointed to benefits computer science education can have for all students.

“We owe our students the essentials to succeed in a fast-paced 21st century economy, and today that includes computer science,” Reynolds said. “Bringing computer science credentials into the admission index will prepare more students for the digital transformation that’s already happening.”

Course requirements account for only a fraction of the board’s automatic admission computation — with ACT or SAT scores weighing in, as well as grade-point averages. Classes that meet the requirements in other subjects include speech and communication under English; algebra and geometry under math; biology and physics under science; and history and government under social studies.

What is it?

A state law encouraged school districts and non-public schools to offer “high-quality computer science instruction” by July 1, 2019.

A statewide committee sought to define just what “computer science” is. It decided to characterize it as “understanding how and why technologies work, exploring whether and how technology could solve real-life problems, investigating the necessary procedures, creating solutions, and learning about computing systems, programming data, networks, and the effects on society and the individual.”

A regents admission study team considered that 2017 definition and sought faculty expertise and considered statewide enrollment and access in deciding which computer science courses should qualify for the addition.

Regents Chief Academic Officer Rachel Boon in November told the board that computer science is not instruction on how to use computers generally, or “information technology.”

It instead focuses on how to use technology appropriately and responsibly; and how to apply computer literacy to other school subjects

For inclusion among the Regent Admission Index requirements, four computer science courses gained unanimous approval: advanced placement computer science, AP computer science principles, computer science principles and international baccalaureate computer science.

The expanded list of course choices to meet the admission requirements will apply to all Iowa students seeking automatic admission to a regent university in summer 2021 and beyond, according to Boon.

Out-of-state students are not promised admission to an Iowa public university. But each regent school can use the index for admitting those applying from outside Iowa, and they often do.

Course offerings grow

The number of Iowa high schools offering the regent-approved computer science courses has surged 132 percent in just two years, from 28 in the 2016-17 school year to 65 in 2018-19.

Much of that growth has been in northeast and north-central Iowa, but southern Iowa remains without many schools offering the courses. University officials are working with community colleges and others to expand training for teachers in those “blank” regions.

The increase in course offerings in other parts of the state has compelled an impressive rise in high school enrollment in regent-approved computer science courses — from a total 429 in 2016-17 to 1,258 in 2018-19, amounting to a nearly 200 percent increase.

The percent increase in interest is similar for both male and female high school students, although the total number of boys enrolled in the relevant high school courses is far greater.

Student interest in computer science and related fields has been growing at the public universities, too, which report a 52 percent increase over five years in undergraduates majoring in computer science — from 2,398 in 2015 to 3,645 this fall.

Regents President Mike Richards said the admission index expansion reflects the system’s ability to respond to an evolving economy.

“Our public universities are leaders in providing education for high-demand jobs, and computer science is at the forefront of that.”

Comments: (319) 339-3158; vanessa.miller@thegazette.com

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Today’s obituaries: Jason P. Ingles owned Computer Outlet in Cicero and Liverpool - syracuse.com

Jason P. Ingles, 48, of Central Square, died Sunday, December 29, 2019, after a short battle with esophageal cancer.

According to his obituary, he was born in Syracuse. He graduated from high school in Plano, Texas, and lived in Rochester for a few years doing computer and technical jobs. Most recently, he was the owner of Computer Outlet of Cicero and Liverpool.

If you have a suggestion for a feature obituary, please email the link and any other information you’d like to share to bduncan@syracuse.com

More recent feature obituaries:

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量子コンピューター - 日本経済新聞

量子力学を応用した次世代のコンピューター。従来のコンピューターが「0」か「1」のビットという単位で情報を表して計算するのに対し、量子コンピューターは0と1を重ね合わせた「量子ビット」を単位に計算する。量子ビットを使えば膨大な情報をまとめて表現できるため、計算時間を短縮でき…

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Dave Gettleman's new Giants promises: 'Computer folks' and eventual success - New York Post

Dave Gettleman is getting another year to prove he can turn the Giants around. Perhaps the “four computer folks” the team recently hired can help.

Speaking for the first time in five months — and one day after head coach Pat Shurmur was fired following a 9-23 tenure — Gettleman said he took his “share of culpability” but pledged improvement.

“It hasn’t been good enough,” Gettleman said Tuesday. “It’ll get better.”

After co-owner John Mara said Gettleman’s “batting average” needed to improve regarding free agents,” the general manager said he is “absolutely” on notice.

Gettleman highlighted his accomplishments as drafting Daniel Jones to be the quarterback of the future and setting the Giants up for “sustained success.” The latter appears to be the more tenuous proposition, with Gettleman insisting changes were being made behind the scenes even if the product has yet to improve.

On the surface, Gettleman has had plenty of questionable moves — from trading Odell Beckham Jr. after signing him to a big extension, to sending a third- and fifth-round pick to the Jets for pending free agent Leonard Williams, to bringing back Eli Manning at a high cap hit, only for him to be benched after two games.

Dave Gettleman on TuesdayCharles Wenzelberg/New York Post

Gettleman said “the juice was worth the squeeze” on Williams and claimed the defensive end “was in my office (Monday) and told me he wants to be here.”

As for bringing back Manning, Gettleman said his benching had more to do with Jones’ rapid development.

“We didn’t know he would come that fast,” Gettleman said. “At the end of the day, it was time. … We’re fine with it.”

Gettleman declined to evaluate the Beckham trade, saying it would take two more years to get the full picture.

Gettleman said before that the Giants could win while rebuilding but they have failed to do so. He did not put a timetable on when the winning would finally come.

“It all depends on how quickly the puppies come along,” he said.

Now, he will work with Mara and Steve Tisch to find the Giants’ next coach. He appeared to try to quell any fears about the Giants being stuck in the past, saying they are “committed to being forward-thinking,” that he “recently met with a big analytics guy” and that he vowed to learn from his mistakes.

“This is frustrating for all of us,” he said. “I’m not happy about this. … Unfortunately it takes time.”

For more on the Giants, listen to the latest episode of the “Blue Rush” podcast:

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Computer models get to the root of how conifers survive droughts - New Atlas

In a study that may help areas affected by a changing climate, an international team of researchers led by Scott Mackay of the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences have used computer models to determine how conifers are able to survive drought conditions. Using simulated pines and junipers, it seems that the key lies in how the tree roots access water.

If you could see a tree as it really is, the bit above ground would seem like a minor part of the whole plant. Like an iceberg, many trees are mostly underground with extensive root systems stretching out in all directions in search of water and nutrients. It's an impressive sight that few have a chance to see in its entirety and it's also one that is a headache for botanists because studying the root system is often very difficult and risks killing the tree.

This is unfortunate because the roots are at the, well, root of how some kinds of trees, like conifers, can survive severe droughts and scientists haven't been sure how this works. Does the tree rely on roots that have already tapped into a water supply or does it grow new ones when rain becomes scarce?

To answer this question, Mackay's team turned to computer models that simulated how pines and junipers react to a five-year drought based on conditions similar to those found at the Los Alamos Survival-Mortality (SUMO) experiment site in New Mexico. What they found was that when the trees already had their roots in water, they survived, but the ones that tried to grow roots to the water all died.

According to Mackay, the reason for this is that growing roots requires the tree to supply water and carbon from the canopy to the root system. This takes energy and resources away from the tree as a whole and the roots can't grow as far and as fast as needed, so the tree dies.

Aside from potentially explaining an old arboreal question, this insight may help to preserve coniferous forests under climate change pressure.

"Scientists are trying to forecast what's going to happen to the world's biomes under climate change, and models need to be physiologically realistic," says Mackay. "During past droughts, there's lots of evidence of what we might think of as hydrologic refugia – pockets of woody species that have survived droughts by tapping into deeper water resources. Some models tend to overestimate tree mortality because they're not able to capture some of these refugia. If we can learn more about these refugia and how they're established, we can use that knowledge to create better models."

The study was published in New Phytologist.

Source: University at Buffalo

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ブライトン Rider420 GPSコンピューター入門機にオススメなミドルグレード - 新製品情報2019 - cyclowired（シクロワイアード）

GPSサイクルコンピューターブランドのブライトンより、視認性と機能性、バッテリー持ちの良さを兼ね備えた最新のミドルグレードモデル「Rider420」をピックアップ。クリアなディスプレイ、35時間の長時間稼働、専用アプリとのスマートな連携などが特徴の1台を紹介しよう。

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ブライトン Rider420 photo:Yuto.Murata
ドゥクーニンク・クイックステップも正式採用しているGPSサイクルコンピューターブランド、ブライトンの最新モデル「Rider420」。ミドルグレードながら上位機種に負けない多機能を備え、かつ35時間もの稼働時間を確保、もちろんGPSも内蔵されライドログの記録やStrava等との連携なども行うことができるコストパフォーマンスに優れた1台だ。

視認性を向上させるため、コントラストの高い高品質光学粘着ディスプレイを採用したことが最大の特徴。画面のギラつきが抑えられており、太陽光の反射や影などを気にせずあらゆる角度からハッキリと情報を確認することができる。上位モデル同等の2.3インチ大型モノクロディスプレイで、最大8項目ものデータを表示させることが可能だ。

クリアなディスプレイとともに薄型でスタイリッシュなデザイン 一般的なサイクルコンピューターと同様に90度回して装着するマウント方式

ハンドルに手を置きながらでも操作しやすいボタン配置だ 本体裏側にオレンジ色のボタンを2つ配置、指先で押した感覚が分かりやすいクリック感だ

操作は本体下側に2つ、裏側に2つ設けられた計4つのボタンで行う。右裏のボタンを1回押すとパワーオン、ライド中に押すとバックライトのオン/オフ、長押しでパワーオフになる。反対の左裏ボタンはメニュー画面呼び出し/ライド停止/戻る機能となっており、カチッと押した感覚が指先で分かりやすい操作感だ。右下ボタンはライドスタート/ラップ/OK（進む）機能、左下ボタンはページ切り替え/項目選択移動の機能がそれぞれ割り振られている。

GPS内蔵のためスピードセンサーなどがなくともRider420単体で速度や走行距離など基本的なデータは測定可能。もちろんBluetoothやANT+といった規格に対応した各種センター類と併用することでケイデンスや心拍、パワー等の表示もできる。GPSだけでなくGlonass（ロシア）、BDS（中国）、Galileo（欧州）、みちびき（日本）という5つの異なる衛星測位システムに対応している点はブライトンの他モデルと同じだ。高い建物が並ぶビル街や山間部などでも素早く正確な位置情報が取得できるだろう。

充電は裏側からマイクロUSBケーブルにて行う バックライトも完備され夜間のライドでもデータが確認しやすい

専用アプリを介してファームウェアのアップデートが可能 画面の項目設定は専用アプリから直感的に行うことができる

ルートナビゲーション機能が備わっている点も特徴の一つ。マップデータは内蔵していないため、黒い線で目的地までのルートを示した簡易的なナビゲーション画面になってしまうが、ターンバイターン方式で次の曲がり角までの距離や方向を矢印で表示し、目的地までの残り距離も示してくれる。また、ナビゲーションルートに休憩地点となるようなPOI（場所や施設）、上りの頂上地点も設定することができ、そこまでの残り距離を表示させることでライドの目安となってくれる。

ルートナビ機能使用時には「高度」画面も現れ、走行ルートの勾配を視覚的に確認することも可能。この先に上り坂が現れるなどがあらかじめ分かり、ライドのペース配分にも活用することができるだろう。ルートナビ/高度画面ともに下部には好みの項目を最大2つ表示できる。

最大8項目まで表示できる視認性に優れた2.3インチディスプレイ ルートナビ画面　黒い実線で目的地までの道のりを示してくれる 高度画面　ルートの勾配を視覚的に確認することができる

時間、速度、距離、カロリー、ケイデンス、高度、心拍数など77以上の表示項目を有し、新たにペダル型パワーメーターに対応していることもポイント。セッティングも校正用のクランク長を入力するだけと簡単だ。

スマートフォンの専用アプリも用意されており、走行ログの管理、ナビゲーションルートの作成、表示画面の項目設定、Stravaとの連携など各種操作を行うことができる。本体のBluetooth機能をオンにすれば自動的にアプリが認識し素早く同期してくれ、Strava等連携アプリにもデータをアップロードしてくれる。ファームウェアのアップデートもアプリを介して行われる。

Bluetooth接続で専用アプリと素早いペアリングが可能、データのアップロードも自動で完了する ルートやワークアウトメニューもアプリ上で作成して本体にダウンロードできる 日々のライドログの管理も可能だ

ナビゲーション機能を使うには、アプリでルートを作成し本体へとアップロード、メニュー画面の「ルートナビ」から作成したルートを選択すると開始される。他のプラットフォームで作成されたgpx形式のルートデータを取り込んで反映させることも可能だ。また、スマートフォンとペアリングしていれば、電話やEメール、SMS等の着信も画面上に通知される。

本体、USBケーブル、バイクマウント、落下防止ストラップ、クイックスタートガイドが入った基本セットの「Rider420E」が22,000円（税抜）、さらにケイデンスセンサーが付属する「Rider420C」が17,300円（税抜）、スピード/ケイデンス/心拍の3つのセンサーが付属する「Rider420T」が21,800円（税抜）だ。取り扱いはフカヤ。

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ブライトン Rider420
ディスプレイ：2.3インチ
サイズ：83.9mm x 49.9mm x 16.9mm
バッテリー稼働時間：35時間
防水性：IPX7
重　量：67g
無線通信：Bluetooth/ANT+
最大表示項目数：8
最大ページ数：9
ログヒストリー：300時間
価格：
Rider420E（本体、USBケーブル、バイクマウント、落下防止ストラップ、クイックスタートガイド）　14,300円（税抜）
Rider420C（Rider420E+ケイデンスセンサー付属）　17,300円（税抜）
Rider420T（Rider420E+ケイデンス・心拍センサー付属）　21,800円（税抜）

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Physicists Just Achieved The First-Ever Quantum Teleportation Between Computer Chips - ScienceAlert

As 2019 winds to a close, the journey towards fully realised quantum computing continues: physicists have been able to demonstrate quantum teleportation between two computer chips for the first time.

Put simply, this breakthrough means that information was passed between the chips not by physical electronic connections, but through quantum entanglement – by linking two particles across a gap using the principles of quantum physics.

We don't yet understand everything about quantum entanglement (it's the same phenomenon Albert Einstein famously called "spooky action"), but being able to use it to send information between computer chips is significant, even if so far we're confined to a tightly controlled lab environment.

"We were able to demonstrate a high-quality entanglement link across two chips in the lab, where photons on either chip share a single quantum state," explains quantum physicist Dan Llewellyn from the University of Bristol in the UK.

"Each chip was then fully programmed to perform a range of demonstrations which utilise the entanglement."

Hypothetically, quantum entanglement can work over any distance. Two particles get inextricably linked together, which means looking at one tells us something about the other, wherever it is (in this case, on a separate computer chip).

To achieve their result, the team generated pairs of entangled photons, encoding quantum information in a way that ensured low levels of interference and high levels of accuracy. Up to four qubits – the quantum equivalent of classical computing bits – were linked together.

"The flagship demonstration was a two-chip teleportation experiment, whereby the individual quantum state of a particle is transmitted across the two chips after a quantum measurement is performed," says Llewellyn.

"This measurement utilises the strange behaviour of quantum physics, which simultaneously collapses the entanglement link and transfers the particle state to another particle already on the receiver chip."

The researchers were then able to run experiments in which the fidelity reached 91 percent – as in, almost all the information was accurately transmitted and logged.

Scientists are learning more and more about how quantum entanglement works, but for now it's very hard to control. It's not something you can install inside a laptop: you need a lot of bulky, expensive scientific equipment to get it working.

But the hope is that advances in the lab, such as this one, might one day lead to advances in computing that everyone can take advantage of – super-powerful processing power and a next-level internet with built-in hacking protections.

The low data loss and high stability of the teleportation, as well as the high level of control that the scientists were able to get over their experiments, are all promising signs in terms of follow-up research.

It's also a useful study for efforts to get quantum physics working with the silicon chip (Si-chip) tech used in today's computers, and the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) techniques used to make those chips.

"In the future, a single Si-chip integration of quantum photonic devices and classical electronic controls will open the door for fully chip-based CMOS-compatible quantum communication and information processing networks," says quantum physicist Jianwei Wang, from Peking University in China.

The research has been published in Nature Physics.

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動き出す世界、量子コンピューター関連「異次元の株高」復活へ ＜株探トップ特集＞ - 株探ニュース

―日米連携で量子イノベーション推進、米ITの巨人たちに続く日本企業をロックオン―

　パソコンやスマートフォンなどの情報端末にとどまらず、我々の日常空間に存在するあらゆる電子機器とネット空間を接合させる「IoT」が進展している。また、膨大なデジタル情報の海「ビッグデータ」のフル活用や、ディープラーニングを飛躍の糧に人間の知力では到底及ばないレベルで「人工知能（AI）」がその演算能力を開花させている。近未来のIT全盛時代を先導するキーテクノロジーの数々が株式市場でも投資テーマとして脚光を浴びている。そして今、その礎となる次世代コンピューティングの登場も待ち望まれている状況にある。

●次世代コンピューティングは異次元の領域

　次世代コンピューティングの有力候補として、現在世界でも注目を浴びているのが「量子コンピューター」だ。これまでコンピューターの動作原理である「01」はいわゆるデジタル化の不動のコンセプトといってもよかった。目まぐるしい技術の進歩も基本的にはこの「01」の積み上げによってもたらされたものである。しかし、量子コンピューターはこの領域から離れ、量子力学的な性質である“重ね合わせ”や“もつれ”など極微の世界で起こり得る物理現象によって並列コンピューティングを実現させる。情報処理に際し、基準となる単位も従来型コンピューターの「ビット」という概念の枠から外れ、「0であり、かつ1でもある」状態を示す「量子ビット」に変わる。結果として、最新のスーパーコンピューターですら数千年から1万年という気の遠くなるような時間を要する計算を、文字通りあっという間に完結してしまうという夢のような現実を我々に提供する。まさに、異次元の領域に人類は足を踏み込んでいる。

　もちろんこれは絵空事ではない。最近では、米グーグルがスーパーコンピューターでおよそ1万年かかる計算問題を量子コンピューターによって3分あまりで解答を導く実証実験に成功、「量子超越」を実現したことが世界に大きなインパクトを与えた。米国ではグーグルのほかにも、アマゾン、フェイスブック、アップルなど「GAFA」と呼ばれる時価総額上位の主力IT企業が、同分野に積極的に経営資源を投じて量子コンピューターの開発を進めている。今後は、これらのITの巨人たちによる主導権争いが一段と先鋭化していくことが予想される。

●風雲急を告げる量子コンピューター周辺

　量子コンピューターは、従来のコンピューターの論理ゲートに量子ゲートを代替させて演算処理する、いわばコンピューター論理回路の拡張型である「量子ゲート方式」と、組み合わせ最適化問題に特化した量子アルゴリズムの一つである「量子アニーリング方式」に大別されている。量子ゲート方式はグーグルや米ＩＢＭが傾注し他社にリードする研究開発分野だ。一方、量子アニーリング方式については、今から20年ほど前に東京工業大学の西森秀稔教授らが提唱した国産技術で、国内では富士通 <6702> が先駆、2011年にはカナダのＤウエーブ社が世界で初めて商用化に成功したことでスポットライトを浴びた。

　そして、12月に入ってから日本の量子コンピューター分野を取り巻く環境に風雲急を告げる気配が漂ってきた。安倍政権の下で「量子技術イノベーション戦略」が推進されるなか、今月19日に日米両政府が量子コンピューターなど次世代の量子技術の研究について連携を強化する共同声明に署名した。これは中国の存在を強く意識したものである。というのも中国では国家戦略として資金を積極的に投下し量子分野で多数の特許を獲得しており、これにAI先進国の米国が危機感を抱いていることが背景にある。量子コンピューターの実用化では、ネガティブな思惑として暗号破りのリスクも指摘されている。したがって国家機密の漏洩を防ぐうえで解読不能な「量子暗号」の開発も喫緊の課題となっているのだ。米国は日本が有する技術と連携することで、中国に対抗する構えにあり、両政府は近く2国間の覚書も結ぶ方向にあると伝わっている。

●ＩＢＭと東大が協力、英国量子ベンチャーも上陸

　また、同じく19日に米ＩＢＭと東京大学が量子コンピューターの研究開発で協力することを発表、ＩＢＭは現在開発中の機種を日本に設置して、ハードとソフト両面から実用的機能を高めていく方針という。ＩＢＭは16年からクラウド経由で量子コンピューターを開放しており、既に日本では慶応大学にその拠点があった。今回の東大との技術連携では量子コンピューターの実機を持ち込む。実機を持ち込むのは、日本がアジアで初となるだけに話題性も高い。更に、英ケンブリッジ大学発の量子コンピューターソフトベンチャーであるＣＱＣ（ケンブリッジ・クオンタム・コンピューティング）が日本に本格参入すると発表したことも、業界の耳目を集めた。ＣＱＣは量子理論を応用したサイバー対策装置や量子コンピューター導入をサポートするソフトなどを企業に提案するほか、量子科学に精通した人材確保・育成も手掛ける方針にある。

　日本国内では量子分野に経営資源を投下する民間企業の動きも活発化している。早くから研究開発に傾注する富士通は、既に17年に量子コンピューターの原理を現行のコンピューターに応用する技術としてデジタルアニーラを開発、世界中から何百件という規模で共同プロジェクトに向けた打診があるという。カナダの州立大学であるトロント大とは協業体制で、同大学内に研究所を設立するなど緊密な関係を築いている。なお、富士通は昨年リクルートホールディングス <6098> の子会社ともマーケティング手法の研究を共同で進めた。量子コンピューターを活用して、リクルート子会社の旅行予約サイトで宿泊施設の立地や種類といった多様な条件を考慮したうえでお薦めの宿をリストアップする、というレコメンド機能においてその効果を検証している。

●富士通だけではなくＮＥＣも本気モード

　富士通と並ぶ主力ハイテク企業であるＮＥＣ <6701> も負けてはいない。新たに量子コンピューター事業の推進室を来年1月に設置し、スタートアップ企業や、カナダのＤウエーブ社との連携を念頭にソフト開発に取り組み、23年の量子コンピューター実用化に向けた布石を打つ構えだ。また、光通信技術を応用した新たな方式による量子コンピューター開発に乗り出しているのが、通信キャリアの大御所ＮＴＴ <9432> だ。同社はＮＡＳＡや米スタンフォード大学などと共同で、商用化に向け本腰を入れる計画を明示している。具体的には「量子ニューラルネットワーク」というタイプのコンピューター技術をベースに10年後の実用化を目指す方針という。

　今後は官民学の連携で量子コンピューター分野の研究開発が加速していくことが予想される。企業間における資本・業務提携の動きなども、折に触れ株式市場で思惑を呼ぶことになりそうだ。

●リアル量子Com関連のＦスターズ、テラスカイ

　リアル量子コンピューター関連として注目度が高いのは、まずフィックスターズ <3687> 。顧客企業のシステムを高速化するビジネスを展開し、リピートオーダー率ほぼ100％という一頭地を抜く実績を有するが、量子アニーリング分野でカナダのＤウエーブ社と早くから提携関係にあることが注目されている。また、量子コンピューター関連ビジネスを手掛ける子会社を設立してＩＢＭと連携する形で同分野を深耕するテラスカイ <3915> も材料性に富んでおり、再び見直されるタイミングが近そうだ。

　電子計測器やカスタム応用機器の開発を手掛けるエヌエフ回路設計ブロック <6864> [ＪＱ]は、世界最高レベルの信号増幅装置メーカーとして同技術が量子分野の研究開発に使われるとの見方から関連有力株としてのポジションを不動のものとしている。また、エレクトロニクス商社で半導体実装装置などの販売実績から半導体関連の一角として浮上気配にあるＹＫＴ <2693> [ＪＱ]も子会社が量子研究で使われる可能性があるレーザー微細加工システムやローノイズアンプなどの商品を取り扱っていることで、少なからず人気化素地を持っている。このほかブレインパッド <3655> や日本ラッド <4736> [ＪＱ]なども同関連株の一角として物色人気化した過去がある。

●ユビAIは耐量子コンピューターで国策に乗る

　更に自社開発製品を軸に小型機器向けネットワーク対応の組み込みソフトに強いユビキタス　ＡＩコーポレーション <3858> [ＪＱ]は目が離せない銘柄となろう。前述したように米国が量子分野の研究開発で日本と協業体制で中国に対抗しようとしている背景には、量子コンピューターによる暗号破りへの警戒感がある。安全保障という国策的な切り口で光が当たった場合、耐量子コンピューター暗号技術を手掛けるユビＡＩの存在が改めてクローズアップされてくる可能性は高い。

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史上初、量子テレポーテーションに成功。2枚のコンピューターチップ間で情報を瞬間転送（英・デンマーク共同研究） - ニコニコニュース

　英ブリストル大学とデンマーク工科大学の研究グループから、ふたつのコンピューターチップ間で量子テレポーテーションすることに史上初めて成功したと報告があった。

　それによると、物理的にも電気的にも接続されていないというのに、チップからもう一方のチップへと瞬時に情報を転送することができたそうだ。

　量子コンピューターや量子インターネットの可能性の扉を開くブレイクスルー（飛躍的な進歩）だという。

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量子コンピューターの時代がそこまで！未来を輝かせる量子コンピューターの10の利用方法

どういうことだってばよ？史上初、量子トリット（キュートリット）のテレポーテーションが可能であるということが実証される

---

量子もつれの不気味な遠隔作用

　このテレポーテーションは「量子もつれ」という現象を利用することで可能になる。

　量子もつれの関係にあるふたつの粒子には不思議なつながりがあり、片方の状態が確定すると、そのペアがどれほど離れていようとも、もう片方の状態までが瞬時にして確定してしまう。

　つまり、どういうわけか両者の間では情報がテレポーテーションしてしまうのだ。

　現在の物理学では、光よりも速く移動できるものはないとされている。にもかかわらず、量子テレポーテーションでは、情報が速度の制約を破っているかのようであり、かのアインシュタインが「不気味な遠隔作用」と評したこともある不可思議な現象だ。

　しかしどれほど不気味で不可思議であろうと、うまく制御できれば素晴らしい応用可能性があるのは間違いない。今回の研究は、その実現へ向けた大きな一歩だ。

dani3315/iStock

2枚のコンピューターチップ間で量子状態を転送

　研究チームは、2枚のチップ内にもつれた関係にある光子のペアを作り出し、片方を量子測定するという実験を行った。これによって一方の光子の状態が変化すると、瞬時にしてもう一方のチップの光子の状態も変化したことが確認された。

　「実験室に置かれたそれぞれのチップの光子に単一量子状態を作り出し、高品質なもつれのリンクを実証することができました」と研究著者のダン・ルウェリン氏は説明する。

　「各チップはもつれを利用したいくつものデモを行うようプログラムされていました。一番の目玉は、2枚のチップのテレポーテーション実験で、粒子の量子状態を量子計測によってチップからチップへと転送することができました。この計測は、もつれのリンクを同時に崩壊させるという、量子物理学の不可思議な振る舞いを利用したもので、量子状態を受信チップの粒子に転送することができます。」

NiPlot/iStock

量子コンピューティングのさらなる発展へ向けて

ルウェリン氏によると、テレポーテーションの成功率は91パーセントだったそうだ。

　また、この成功のほかにも、もつれスワッピング（中継器を経由して、直接作用することなく粒子間で状態を転送すること）や最大4つの光子とのもつれを作るなど、量子コンピューティングにとって重要な機能を実行することにも成功したという。

　なお、今回はチップ間という短い距離での実験だが、長距離を対象とした研究を見てみれば、こちらでも大きな成果が挙がっている。最初は部屋の中での実験だったが、その後25キロ、100キロと続き、最終的には人工衛星を経由して1200キロの量子テレポーテーションに成功しているのだ。

　さらにコンピューターチップを対象とした分野では、1枚のチップ内での転送なら過去に成功事例があった。だが、別個の2枚のチップ間での成功は史上初のことで、量子コンピューティングにおけるブレークスルーになるだろう。

　この研究は『Nature Physics』（12月23日付）に掲載された。

追記（2019/12/31）タイトルを修正して再送します。

References:Information teleported between two computer chips for the first time/ written by hiroching / edited by parumo

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Work on a Computer All Day? If You Feel Short of Breath, Do This 1-Minute Exercise Daily -- It Changed Everything for Me - Inc.

For the majority of my working life, I've been on the computer. Among other positions, I've been a community manager, a marketing director, a professional editor, and, of course, a writer. Translation? I schlep my laptop with me everywhere and spend several hours of my life on the computer daily.

A few years ago, I started noticing I was short of breath. A lot. Given the fact that I'm only in my 30s, I found this concerning. It was never quite so bad that I'd rate it at the level of a panic attack (except for one notable exception at Burning Man), but still alarming.

Did I have some specialized medical condition? Was I developing an anxiety disorder? I knew it was worse when I was sleep-deprived, but that was about all I had in terms of observations about my "condition."

Fast forward to a few months ago, when it came up at an appointment with one of my Network Spinal Analysis chiropractors (Network is an advanced, specialized form of chiropractic that, among others, Tony Robbins swears by).

She had just watched me walk across the room to observe my gait, and noted that I had a classic "computer stance," with slightly hunched shoulders and hips tilted in a certain direction.

"Ever feel short of breath?" she asked, after making a note on her clipboard.

"Yes!" I exclaimed. "How did you know that?" I felt like she was some sort of kinesthesiological sleuth.

"It's not uncommon with people who spend the majority of their day arched over a computer," she replied.

Pleased to know I wasn't alone in the struggle, I was even more thrilled to hear that there was a relatively simple solution.

"I'm going to teach you an exercise you can do at home," she said. "You should do it a few times a day."

Anything, I thought. I'll do anything. 

Basically, as she explained it, your pectoral muscles tighten when you spend too much time on your computer. This, in turn, constricts your lungs. Spend even just a few hours a day on the computer, and you're tightening up your pecs--leaving yourself vulnerable to shortness of breath.

This is a little bit how your hamstrings tighten up if you wear high heels for too long. As a tango dancer, I'm familiar with the effect--if I don't stretch out my hamstrings after hours of dancing, I'm setting myself up for injury.

The stretch itself is easy. Just stand facing a wall with your right arm out at your side, palm flat against the wall. Then rotate your hand up, so the palm faces up. Now turn your body all the way to the left. Take ten breaths in that position, then switch sides. (A short video in case you want to see the final stretch position.)

The closer you get to the wall, the more intense the stretch is. Be careful--you want to pace yourself in terms of going too far. The first few times I did the stretch, my pecs were really tight and even though I didn't feel like I'd gone too far at the time, I felt it the next day (like a strain). I took a few days off, then went back to it, not stretching quite as far. Then it was fine.

I cannot stress how much better I breathe now.

Within a week of doing the stretch daily (it takes about one minute, so you can do it several times a day), I felt like I could breathe all the way into my lungs--something that had been missing for me for years. I realized I'd been managing around the issue, and feeling pretty helpless in terms of how to address it.

There's almost nothing more terrifying than feeling like you can't get enough air. You're biologically wired to freak out if you feel like you can't get enough oxygen in you--because you will die without it.

If you're a manager or leader of a team that works primarily on computers, teach your people this exercise. Or do it right along with them, at the end of your morning stand-up. 

It's a breath of fresh air.

The opinions expressed here by Inc.com columnists are their own, not those of Inc.com.

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Computer Scientist Not Required: Breaking The Myth Of The Technical Founder - Forbes

On the surface, statistics about the growth of women-owned businesses look encouraging. According to NAWBO, in 2017, there were over 11.6 million firms owned by women, employing 9 million people and generating $1.7 trillion in sales. In fact, women-owned businesses have been growing faster than the national average over the last ten years. 

But if you dig a layer deeper, you’ll see that most of these businesses are clustered in three areas – retail, healthcare services, and professional services. Most of them also earn less than $100,000 a year. Notably absent are high growth industries with the potential for increased earning potential. 

I met Kathryn Rose several years ago at a conference. She has hit on an idea for helping female business owners branch out into new industries and accelerate their growth potential. Her inspiration was her own career arc and the demand from other people for her help connecting them to mentors and potential partners or service providers. 

Through those requests, she realized that women entrepreneurs need affordable, industry and situation-specific mentoring or advice. The result is wiseHer, an automated networking platform for women offering access to and advice from experts in increments as short as 30-minutes. Women with questions ranging from marketing and SEO advice to how to structure their business can logon, choose a vetted industry expert, and select the duration of their interaction. 

While I loved the idea enough to join wiseHer as an expert (note: I donate all proceeds I receive from wiseHer to TechGirlz), I was even more struck by Rose’s personal story. As with so many women that have appeared in this column, she had no technology training before becoming interested in the sector and has now launched her own platform business. 

Rose began her career on Wall Street in the good times of the early 2000s. But in 2007, her life changed abruptly when she gave birth to her first child, was laid off because of the collapse of the mortgage industry, and her mother was paralyzed by a brain aneurysm. Within a few months’ time, she was job as a young mother with an ailing parent.  

After a stint as a social media consultant, she found her way to a Software as a Service (SaaS) company named SharedVue that provided marketing automation software to technology channel partners. As a Sales Director, Rose had to learn about software and the larger industry. She quickly fell in love with technology. 

Rose was enthralled by the tech and its power to enable partners through cloud-based marketing capabilities. Eager to learn everything she could, Rose became friends with the R&D team and asked to sit in on all on their meetings. 

It was during those sessions that she learned how engineers collaborate and speak with one another, about the innards of the company’s technology, and practices like sprints and standups. Rose’s command of the technology grew to the point where she no longer needed engineers to join her on sales calls with customers and prospects. 

Beyond her proficiency with tech, Rose was also building a vast network of contacts,  When the company was eventually sold and Rose was forced to find another job, it was this network that sowed the seeds for wiseHer. 

Encouraged by her husband to go back out on her own and launch a business, Rose spent her down time helping make connections for people that asked for introductions to others within her network. She quickly realized she could turn that network into a business helping other women business owners gain access to advisors in a cost-effective, targeted manner. 

Rose immediately understand this nascent idea would only work as a technology platform play structured as a directory. She had no coding background but was familiar with basic tools from her work at SharedVue, so she set out on a crash course with assistance from her network contacts. 

After buying a source license for the directory, Rose taught herself HTML using free code camps and academies then learned PHP. Her goal was not a perfect or final product, but a working prototype she could show investors and the experts that would eventually populate her site. 

Rose stressed to me that she launched the business on her own without a technical cofounder. She said she’s often asked by non-technical people how they can start a business without a knowledgeable partner. In her experience, finding a technical partner – or even first hire – that fits with the business is not always easy. Rose said she followed the advice of one of her own advisors to “just shut up and launch it” by learning enough technology basics herself. 

Eventually, Rose used early funding to hire a team and build out the full working platform. She officially launched wiseHer this past fall. But it was her ability to get out of her comfort zone and build a prototype to attract funds and visibility that made the difference.  

That’s the lesson for other female entrepreneurs. It’s possible to scale an existing business through technology or launch your own tech business without deep pockets or a computer science background. We need more passionate founders and good ideas to continue expanding the number of women-owned businesses in new and high growth industries.

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Computer Science PhD Grad Featured on NBC Nightly News | | SBU News - Stony Brook News

Recent Stony Brook Department of Computer Science PhD recipient Abbas Razaghpanah (‘15 MS, December ‘19 PhD) was interviewed as part of an NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt story (“Privacy and Power”) about online and mobile app security. Razaghpanah appears in a segment called “What Your Apps Say About You.”

Abbas Razaghpanah

In the video, Razaghpanah demonstrates how an app user’s private information and location is being shared with numerous third parties. “When you open an app there are components from many different parties that you may not be aware of. Sometimes before you even get to interact with the app, the app is already collecting information about you,” Razaghpanah said. “This is something that all of the of the apps that you interact with on a daily basis are doing.”

Razaghpanah, who since the interview was filmed has begun working at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, CA, has previously received coverage of his research from NBC News and BuzzFeed. His paper on Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA) violations was also covered by The Guardian, The Verge, Washington Post, CNET, Fox News, The Inquirer and New York Post.

Focused on online privacy, mobile advertising and the tracking industries, Razaghpanah’s work includes co-creating (along with researchers from UC Berkeley and IMDEA Networks) a mobile app called Lumen. Lumen, funded by the National Science Foundation, Data Transparency Lab and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Fund, is a privacy app that helps users understand the privacy cost of using mobile apps and allows researchers like Razaghpanah to get anonymous data about mobile apps to study them at scale. 

While Razaghpanah’s segment (Part 2, “What Your Apps Say About You”) has not aired on television yet, the entire “Privacy and Power” series is available now on NBC News’ Nightly Films YouTube page.

— Daniel Olawski

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PlayStation 3が「スーパーコンピューター」として研究分野で活躍した歴史 - GIGAZINE

by Nikita Kostrykin

2006年にソニーから発売されたPlayStation 3は標準でフルHD規格に対応し、家庭用ゲーム機として初めて初のBlu-rayドライブやHDMIを供えたゲーム機です。そんなPlayStation 3の「スーパーコンピューターとしての活躍」について、PlayStation25周年を記念して技術系メディアのThe Vergeが解説しています。

The rise and fall of the PlayStation supercomputers - The Verge
https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/3/20984028/playstation-supercomputer-ps3-umass-dartmouth-astrophysics-25th-anniversary

スーパーコンピューターとして活躍したことで知られるゲーム機としてはPlayStation 3が有名ですが、実はPlayStation 2でもスーパーコンピューターを構築できるのではないかと試みられたことがあります。

2002年1月にソニーがPlayStation 2用のLinuxディストリビューションであるPS2 Linuxの正式版がリリースされると、家庭用のゲーム機でもクラスター化すれば、スーパーコンピューターとして活躍できる可能性が現実味を帯びました。その可能性を確かめるべく、アメリカの国立スーパーコンピュータ応用研究所(NCSA)は、2002年にPlayStation 2を大量に購入。PS2 Linuxを導入し、PlayStation 2でスーパーコンピューターを構築するプロジェクトをスタートしました。

NCSAの上級科学研究者であるクレイグ・ステファン氏は60台～70台のPlayStation 2を並列接続しコードを作成してライブラリを構築。しかし、メモリに技術的な問題があり、並列接続自体は成功したものの、結局スーパーコンピューティングはうまくいかなかったとのこと。

by Deni Williams

「演算を開始する度に、実行したマシンのカーネルが不安定な状態となり、再起動しなければなりませんでした」とステファン氏。結果的にNCSAではPlayStation 2をスパコン化するプロジェクトは中止となりました。大量のPlayStation 2のうち1台は、今もステファン氏の机の上に記念として置かれているそうです。

そんなPlayStation 2の後継機として発売されたPlayStation 3は、PowerPCアーキテクチャベースのCell Broadband Engineと呼ばれるCPUを搭載し、当時としては非常に高性能なマシンと評判になりました。また、リリース当初はPlayStation 2よりも簡単にLinuxを導入することが可能でした。

実際、PlayStation 3は世界規模の分散コンピューティングプロジェクト「[email protected]」に参加可能で、難病の原因となるタンパク質解析にも利用されていました。2007年にはPlayStation 3だけで1ペタFLOPSを達成し、2008年にはPlayStation 3から[email protected]に参加する人が100万人を突破したと報じられています。

難病解析プロジェクト「[email protected]」でPS3が大活躍中 - GIGAZINE

そして、PlayStation 3のクラスターはスーパーコンピューターとしての活躍が期待されました。例えば、マサチューセッツ大学ダートマスキャンパスでは、大量のPlayStation 3が冷蔵輸送コンテナに収納され、スーパーコンピューターとして運用されていたとのこと。

マサチューセッツ大学でブラックホールを研究するガウラフ・カーンナ氏は、「ブラックホールのシミュレーション研究は社会貢献度が低いとみなされ、なかなか予算の確保に苦労しました」と当時を振り返っています。しかし、当時同じ部署に所属していた研究者が「PlayStation 3のCell Broadband Engineは優秀なのでスーパーコンピューターのように使えるのではないか？」と提案したことから、カーンナ氏は自らPlayStation 3を購入し、スーパーコンピューターの構築を始めました。

by Michel Ngilen

カーンナ氏を含めた8人のチームでPlayStation 3のクラスター構築が進められ、コードが形になるのに数カ月、プログラムが安定するのにさらに数カ月かかったとのこと。最終的には176台のPlayStation 3をつなぎあわせて、ブラックホールのシミュレーションを実行できるようになったそうです。100台以上のPlayStation 3を購入して同時に稼働させるとかなりの費用がかかりそうですが、カーンナ氏は「一般的なスーパーコンピューターの数分の1のコストで済みました」と証言しています。

ダートマスキャンパスでは、記事作成時点でもPlayStation 3のクラスターが天体物理学の調査用のスパコンとして動いています。さすがにもうプロジェクトの主力ではないそうですが、このクラスターはマサチューセッツ大学のオープンキャンパスで人気のツアースポットとなっているそうです。

カーンナ氏がブラックホール研究のためにスーパーコンピューターを構築しているのとほぼ同時期の2007年に、ニューヨークの空軍研究所でもPlayStation 3によるスーパーコンピューティングを行うプロジェクトがスタートしました。

アメリカ空軍、研究目的でPS3を300台調達へ - GIGAZINE

しかし、アメリカ空軍研究所でプロジェクトがようやく軌道に乗り出した2010年に、ソニーはLinuxなど他のOSをインストールできる機能をファームウェアアップデートによって削除すると発表しました。

ソニー、従来モデルのPS3からLinuxなどのOSをインストールする機能を削除へ - GIGAZINE

この発表を受けて、アメリカ空軍はファームウェアを更新していない在庫のPlayStation 3を販売するようにソニーと交渉。これによってアメリカ空軍は1700台以上のPlayStation 3を接続した「コンドルクラスター」を構築することができたとのこと。監視ドローンの画像処理などに使われたコンドルクラスターは、2010年12月には世界で35番目に速いスーパーコンピューターだと報じられています。

2013年にPlayStation 3の次世代機として発売されたPlayStation 4は、PlayStation 3を大きく上回るスペックをもつゲーム機でした。しかし、PlayStation 4はゲーム機として特化したマシンとして設計されており、スーパーコンピューターとしての運用は非常に難しくなったとのこと。カーンナ氏は「PlayStation 4には目新しいものはありませんでした。単なる普通のPCです。私たちはPlayStation 4で何かをやる気はありませんでした」と語っています。

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'Kind and Loving' Computer Science Student Dies at 19 - Cornell University The Cornell Daily Sun

Known as a talented computer science student in the College of Engineering, Paul Benton Fisher-York ’22 passed away on Dec. 25 while at home with his family. He was 19.

Fisher-York died from a previously undiagnosed cardiac condition, according to an email sent to the engineering and computer and information science community.

“He loved programming and had a way with anything electronic,” his parents wrote in an obituary shared with The Sun. “Paul was kind and loving to his family and friends.”

Paul always had a proclivity for computers and robotics, participating in technology-oriented clubs throughout his time in middle and high school, according to his parents Prof. Elizabeth Fisher-York, mechanical and aerospace engineering, and Thomas Fisher-York.

An Ithaca native, Fisher-York further fostered his passion for robotics and computer science on Ithaca High School’s Code Red robotics team, where he worked ardently to develop codes for the team’s robots to perform tasks such as carrying blocks from one place to another during competitions.

Shortly after graduating high school, Fisher-York was part of a team which aimed to develop a radio device for rowing teams that would allow coaches to better communicate with rowers over long distances.

This passion led Fisher-York to Cornell’s College of Engineering to study computer science. Through computers, Fisher-York believed he could play a role in molding the world’s future.

Fisher-York’s parents told The Sun that their son enjoyed his time at Cornell, which included  making lots of friends and taking a writing seminar his freshman year on the Peloponnesian War — a contrast from his interests in computer science.

During his first semester at Cornell, Fisher-York joined Cornell University’s Underwater Autonomous Vehicles team, an organization that designs, builds and programs autonomous submarines for competitions. Fisher was involved in the organization’s software sub-team, where he wrote code for the  for the submarines’s underwater machinations.

Anthony Viego ’20, a team lead at AUV, described Fisher-York as “one of the most enthusiastic people” he had ever met. Viego told The Sun that Fisher-York always looked to expand his knowledge and push everyone on the team.

“He was incredibly smart and would always challenge us, and just generally he was a really fun person have around — he really impacted the team,” Viego said.

While Fisher-York was dedicated, he also had a “funny, goofy” side, Viego said. Viego recalled the first time he met the computer science student, saying that Fisher-York narrated the details of his “epic” excursion in using a LimeBike to get across campus to meet the AUV team in time.

“He was always looking to talk to me and our software sub team about all the cool things we could be doing with machine learning,” Viego said. “He would like to make a lot of jokes, specifically software jokes, and brighten the mood.”

Fisher-York was previously a bass singer in Cornell University’s Chorale, and held an internship at Vector Magnetics, a computer software company based in Ithaca, according to a statement from the University. The computer science major also served as a consultant for the honors version of the computer science class Object-Oriented Programing and Data Structures.

In the statement to the Cornell community, Ryan Lombardi, vice president for student and campus life, said Fisher-York “touched many people at Cornell and in the surrounding community.”

Fisher-York is survived by his parents, Elizabeth and Thomas, his sister, Minsun Fisher-York and his grandmother, Elizabeth Fisher. He is also survived by aunts and uncles Stephen and Linley York, Amy and Rich Wakefield, Lynne Torrey, Susan and Tony Pietricola and Anne and Gary Vollen as well as “by many cousins and many friends from all stages of his life,” his parents wrote in an obituary.

The University plans to schedule community support meetings when it reopens in January, and a memorial for Fisher-York will be held at a future date.  

Students may consult with counselors from Counseling and Psychological Services (CAPS) by calling 607-255-5155. Employees may call the Faculty Staff Assistance Program (FSAP) at 607-255-2673. An Ithaca-based Crisisline is available at 607-272-1616. For additional resources, visit caringcommunity.cornell.edu.

 

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2020年は量子コンピューターの企業利用が広がる？--2019年の動きを振り返る - ZDNet Japan

The Japanese edition of 'ZDNet' is published under license from CBS Interactive, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA. Editorial items appearing in 'ZDNet Japan' that were originally published in the US Edition of 'ZDNet', 'TechRepublic', 'CNET', and 'CNET News.com' are the copyright properties of CBS Interactive, Inc. or its suppliers. Copyright (c) CBS Interactive, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 'ZDNet', 'CNET' and 'CNET News.com' are trademarks of CBS Interactive, Inc.

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Mishicot senior Kory Wiegert to pursue computer science at UW-Stout | Stellar Students - Herald Times Reporter

USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin

Published 8:40 AM EST Dec 29, 2019

Name: Kory Wiegert

Parents: Karri and Kevin Wiegert

School: Mishicot High School

Year: Senior

What extracurricular activities have you been involved with during high school? Band, cross country, track, FFA, the musical program

What is one academic accomplishment about which you feel particularly good? The academic achievement I am proudest of is my ACT score. I worked really hard to have my score improve from the practice exam and was really happy with how much I improved on the actual test.

RELATED: Mishicot's Miranda Vincent: 'You can do anything you set your mind to' | Stellar Students

Which class or extracurricular activity influenced your decision regarding the career you plan to pursue? The class that influenced my career decision the most was my power and ag mechanics class. This class does not directly relate to what I want to do, but my teacher really taught us to be more open-minded and had a lot of influential speakers come in and talk to our class about picking the right career for us.

What advice do you have for those just starting their high school career? Do your best to stay ahead of things. Try to not let yourself fall behind or get lazy with your school work and not put 100% into it. It is so much harder to try to catch up than it is to stay on time. Don’t be afraid to try new things as well. Take advantage of the time that you have in high school.

What are your plans after high school? I plan to continue my education and my running career at UW-Stout, pursuing a computer science major.

What would you like to be doing 10 years from now? I would like to be working in the computer industry, potentially designing new computer parts or building computer systems, and I still plan to be running.

Teacher recommendation: "Kory goes above and beyond to showcase his academic talent while being an inclusive leader on the track, in the classroom and in work settings. With careful precision, he gives 100% effort to every task asked of him and, with a welcoming smile, he is always ready to greet those around him. This all occurs while he balances his professional, academic, athletic and personal goals while still making time to give back to those around him and always do the right thing." — Jamie Propson, agriculture teacher

MORE STELLAR STUDENTS:

• Valders High School's Emma Wagner plans to attend Viterbo University
• Lutheran's James Siedschlag finds career inspiration in robotics
• Roncalli's Anne Gentine defined by character, integrity

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Space Station's Computer Lifeline Gets 'Open-Heart Surgery' - Space.com

This month, Russian and European engineers confirmed the success of their "open-heart surgery" on the computer lifeline of the International Space Station.

Teams from both the Russian space agency Roscosmos and the European Space Agency (ESA) developed a method in which an astronaut or cosmonaut aboard the space lab could upgrade the computers that keep the ISS on track and in the right position, known collectively as the Data Management System. It's a task that ESA representatives described in a statement as "the equivalent of open-heart surgery on Earth!"

Engineers on the ground rigorously planned and tested the process before it would be performed in space to ensure that the repair work could be done on-site without posing any risk to the spacecraft or its inhabitants, according to ESA. 

Related: International Space Station at 20: A Photo Tour

This type of testing largely happens behind the scenes, ESA said, and doesn't usually get a lot of attention unless something bad occurs. But streamlining repair work can have implications for destinations that space agencies like NASA are aiming toward, like the moon, Mars and perhaps beyond. 

Anything in low Earth orbit is already quite far away from the resources needed for repairs. ESA explained that fixing a space computer is complicated because of the long turnaround: Time adds up as a computer waits to hitch a ride back to Earth, gets fixed and waits to launch again. 

The Data Management System (DMS) computers in the Russian Zvezda module were built over 20 years ago by what is now Airbus. DMS maintains International Space Station operations, and a sudden breakdown could have catastrophic consequences. (Image credit: ESA)

The new procedure reduced repair time from six months to a few days, according to ESA. 

The recent development in space-lab computer repair was made possible by engineers' discovery that most of the failures in these computers took place in their circuit boards. The teams then came up with a solution, creating a new printed circuit board that matched the old version's form and function but relied on newer components that were easier to source.

This is an artist's impression of the Lunar Gateway, the next structure to be launched by the partners of the International Space Station. (Image credit: ESA/NASA/ATG Medialab)

In January 2019, Russian cosmonauts confirmed that the computer from the surgery experiment survived the operation, in which astronauts replaced an older circuit board with a new one. And recently, "all is now confirmed to be working properly," ESA representatives wrote in the statement. 

Having spare parts and being able to make repairs in space may help the ISS survive until 2030 and offers valuable information for other orbital projects. One such project NASA is targeting is the Lunar Gateway, which would orbit the moon and serve as a hub for scientists and crewmembers (and maybe even tourists) as they prepare to explore Earth's natural satellite.

"Maintenance on the International Space Station demonstrates the experience and design knowledge needed to support future missions," wrote ESA representatives, "while ensuring more sustainable operations — a win-win situation."

Follow Doris Elin Urrutia on Twitter @salazar_elin. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. 

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